Causation between an insured risk and the loss is a required element for the policyholder to recover, as well as for the insurer who seeks to rely on an excluded risk to refuse to pay for the loss. This being said, the identification of the effective causes of a loss rests upon the application of causation tests which vary among jurisdictions, and is further complicated by the presence of multiple causes which requires rules to determine whether or not recovery must be allowed. The chapters in this book at