Architectural History can only be understood by the eye, either by seeing the buildings themselves, with time to examine the construction and the details of each period, or by accurate representations of them arranged in chronological order. This is what has been attempted in the present work; and when so arranged, any one, however ignorant of the subject, can see and understand the gradual progress and change from one generation to another. What is thus understood is also easily remembered; we can always r

The oldest glass-p painting in France is probably a single fragment in the Cathedral of Le Mans. This cathedral was completed in 1093, but was badly burned in 1136, so that but a single piece of its windows remains; this has been inserted in a new window in the choir, and is thus preser ved. With the beginning of the twelfth century, glass-painting became more frequent in Europe, and near the end of this century it was introduced into England, together with the Gothic style of architecture. Very soon a high

Anyone who has chanced to pass from the Bolhovsky district into the Zhizdrinsky district, must have been impressed by the striking difference between the race of people in the province of Orel and the population of the province of Kaluga. The peasant of Orel is not tall, is bent in figure, sullen and suspicious in his looks; he lives in wretched little hovels of aspen-wood, labours as a serf in the fields, and engages in no kind of trading, is miserably fed, and wears slippers of bast: the rent-paying peasa

Germans are the greatest toy and game-makers in the world, and so we should not be surprised to learn that that great countr y not only produces the most marbles, but also the very best. From Germany we get the finest agates, the beauty and value of which every lover of the game knows. The more common marbles are made in Saxony, of a fine kind of white limestone, which is practically a variety of the building material known as marble, and from which the name is derived. Broken into small pieces, and the ir

In general there exists between the two orders a rigorous proportion; where the one is very marked, therigorous theother is put forth with energy. In the series of living beings,the animal, which feels the most, moves also the most. Thethe Theage of lively perception, is that also of vivacity of motion; inage in sleep, where the first order is suspended, the second ceases, or is exercised only with irregularity. The blind man, whoor who is but half alive to what surrounds him, moves also with ais a tardines

Our knowledge of Egyptian medicine is derived largely from the remarkable papyri dealing specially with this subject. Of these, six or seven are of the first importance. The most famous is that discovered by Ebers, dating from about 1500 B.C. A superb document, one of the great treasures of the Leipzig Library, it is 20.23 metres long and 30 centimetres high and in a state of wonderful preser vation. Others are the Kahun, Berlin, Hearst and British Museum papyri. All these have now been published the last t

Architecture may be described as building at its best, and when we talk of the architecture of any city or countr y we mean its best, noblest, or most beautiful buildings; and we imply by the use of the word that these buildings possess merits which entitle them to rank as works of art. The architecture of the civilised world can be best understood by considering the great buildings of each important nation separately. The features, ornaments, and even forms of ancient buildings differed just as the speech,

The truth of the Greek p truth of the Greek proverb, that a great book is a great evil, is no where more apparent than in the construction of works on agricultural concerns. Those who have attended to the subject well know, that the profitable management of live-stock is by far the most difficult branch of farming, as it is here that improvement is peculiarly tardy ; and from this we might infer that authors would endeavour so to arrange and simplify their treatises as to enable ever y one to obtain the bea

It is only when a building entirely fulfils the purpose for which it is intended and bears the impress of a genuine style that it takes rank as a work of architecture. This definition, exclusive though it at first sight appears, brings within the province of the art ever y structure which combines with practical utility beauty of design and execution, from the humblest cottage to the most dignified temple or palace. Suitability of material and harmony with its surroundings are among the minor factors that g

Such steep ground exists in many countries, and where it does, a like plan must be followed. The strictly formal in such ground is as right in its way as the lawn in a garden in the Thames valley. But the lawn is the heart of the true English garden, and as essential as the terrace is to the gardens on the steep hills. English lawns have too often been destroyed that geometrical gardens may be made where they are not only needless, but harmful both to the garden and home landscape. Sometimes on level groun

Night hunting is a favorite form of hunting sport the continent over. Prime factor of the joyous, though strenuous night quest is the 'coon, the court jester and wit of the nocturnal tribe of small fur bearers. Owing to the scarcity of other game and general distribution of raccoon the countr y over, 'coon hunting is gaining in popular favor, winning over many of the wealthy, city-dwelling red bloods who formerly were content with more or less pleasant and successful sallies to the fields in the day-time. C

The first volume published b by the Boone and Crockett Club, under the title American Big Game Hunting, confined itself, as its title implied, to sport on this continent. In presenting the second volume, a number of sketches are included written by members who have hunted big game in other lands. The contributions of those whose names are so well known in connection with explorations in China and Tibet, and in Africa, have an exceptional interest for men whose use of the rifle has been confined entirely to

In 1876 the eminent microscopist, Professor Cohn of Breslau, was in London, and he then handed me a number of his 'Beiträge,' containing a memoir by Dr. Koch on Splenic Fever (Milzbrand, Charbon, Malignant Pustule), which seemed to me to mark an epoch in the history of this formidable disease. With admirable patience, skill, and penetration, Koch followed up the life histor y of bacillus anthracis, the contagium of this fever. At the time here referred to he was a young physician holding a small appointment

Among the wonderful monuments to which the religious art of the middle ages has given rise and which will for everexcite the admiration of men, the church of Notre-Dame or Cathedral of Strasburg occupies one of the first ranks. By its dimensions, the richness of the ornaments and figures that adorn its exterior, by the majesty of its nave, and by its light steeple, which towers towards Heaven with as much grace as boldness, this house of God proclaims afar its destination and leaves a deep and indelible imp

'In the first part of this work, I have explained the two great divisions of life, together with the remarkabletwo remarkabledifferences, which distinguish the animal existing without, from the animal existing within. I have discussed thefrom the characters which are exclusively proper to the two lives, andcharacters and the particular laws, according to which they both of themthe them commence, are developed and end in the natural order. In this second part I shall inquire in what way they accidentally fin

When we remember that sound health is the foundation of every other good, of all work fruitful and enjoyed, weof wesee that in this field new knowledge and new skill havesee have won their most telling victories. Pain, long deemed aswon asinevitable as winter's cold, has vanished at the chemist'sinevitable chemist's bidding: the study of minutest life is resulting in measuresbidding: measures which promise to rid the world of consumption itself. Dr. Billings's masterly review of medical progress during theB

Suppose you should wake up Christmas morning and find yourself to be the owner of a bicycle. It is a brandnew wheel and ever ything is in perfect working order. The bearings are well oiled, the nickel is bright and shiny and it is all tuned up and ready for use. If you are a careful, sensible boy you can have fun with it for a long time until finally, like the One Hoss Shay in the poem, it wears out and goes to pieces all at once. On the other hand, if you are careless or indifferent or lazy you may allow t

Shall we begin by taking it as a general principle that all disease, at some period or other of its course, is more or less a reparative process, not necessarily accompanied with suffering: an effort of nature to remedy a process of poisoning or of decay, which has taken place weeks, months, sometimes years beforehand, unnoticed, the termination of the disease being then, while the antecedent process was going on, determined? If we accept this as a general principle we shall be immediately met with anecdote

When San Francisco was destroyed by fire in 1906, many people predicted that the city would never be rebuilt. A great number of men and women packed their goods and chattels and hastily bade farewell to the still smoking ruins of a City That Was, firmly believing that destiny had determined that it should remain forever buried in its own ashes. There was another class of men and women who were optimists. They predicted that the city would be rebuilt, but that it would require from twenty to thirty years. Th

No one c one can look at a map of the Iberian Peninsula without being struck by the curious way in which it is unequally divided between two independent countries. Spain occupies by far the larger part of the Peninsula, leaving to Portugal only a narrow strip on the western seaboard some one hundred miles wide and three hundred and forty long. Besides, the two countries are separated the one from the other by merely artificial boundaries. The two largest rivers of the Peninsula, the Douro and the Tagus, ris